訪談：如何問好問題？(Interview: How to ask good questions?)

翻了一下我寫作的文章，發現質化研究寫得真少，我明明就是一半作質化，一半作量化的啊，應該要平衡一下才對。今天就來談談如何問訪談問題(interview questions)。

訪談是質化研究中搜集資料的方法，由於這種方法很大程度是依照訪談者的技巧，如何問「對」的問題或是好問題，就是一門學問了。Merriam (1998)引用了Strauss, Schatzman, Bucher, and Sabshin (1981)的文章，列出了四種問題：假設問題(hypothetical), 唱反調(devil's advocate), 理想情況(ideal position), 和解釋性問題(interpretive questions)。

  1. 假設性問題：假設性問題就是假設一個情況，問受訪者會怎麼做。
    例子：Suppose it is my first day in this training program. What would it be like?
  2. 唱反調：質疑受訪者的答案。
    例子：Some people would say that employees who lose their job did something to bring it about. What would you say to them?
  3. 理想情況：請受訪者描述一個理想的狀況
    例子：What do you think the ideal training program would be like?
  4. 解釋性問題：進一步深入受訪者所回答的
    例子：Whould you say that returning to school as an adult is different from what you expected?

參考書目：Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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